What you need to bring to the bank

Banks require two categories of documents: proof of who you are, and proof that your business exists. The specific documents depend on whether you are a sole proprietor, partnership, LLC, S-corp, or C-corp — each structure has different paperwork requirements.

For yourself, bring a government-issued photo ID (driver's license, passport, or state ID). Some banks also ask for your Social Security number or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN), which you will provide verbally or on a form — you do not need to bring a document for this. A few banks request a second form of ID, such as a utility bill or lease showing your current address, though this is less common.

For your business, what you bring depends on your legal structure. A sole proprietor typically needs nothing beyond personal ID and a statement that you operate under your own name or a DBA (Doing Business As) name. If you use a DBA, some states require you to show a DBA certificate or a copy of the filing you submitted to your county or state — ask your bank which one they accept. An LLC, partnership, S-corp, or C-corp requires an Articles of Organization, Articles of Incorporation, or Partnership Agreement — whichever document your state issued when you registered the business. You can usually read a certified copy from your state's Secretary of State website for a small fee, or bring an uncertified copy if the bank accepts it.

Key Takeaways

  • Bring a government-issued photo ID and your Social Security number or ITIN; most banks ask for both in person.
  • Sole proprietors need only personal ID and proof of a DBA if they operate under a name other than their own.
  • LLCs, partnerships, and corporations must bring the formation document your state issued (Articles of Organization, Articles of Incorporation, or Partnership Agreement).
  • Banks increasingly ask for a business address, phone number, and description of what the business does, so have these ready before you visit.
  • Some banks require an Employer Identification Number (EIN) from the IRS; if you do not have one, you can obtain it free online before opening the account.

Your business address and EIN

Banks need a business address — this can be your home address if you operate from home, a commercial space, a virtual office, or a UPS store mailbox. Have this address ready when you explore. You will also need to describe what your business does in a sentence or two, such as "freelance graphic design" or "retail clothing sales."

An Employer Identification Number (EIN) is a nine-digit number the IRS assigns to businesses. You do not need one to open a sole proprietorship account — you can use your Social Security number instead — but many banks ask for it anyway. If your business is an LLC, S-corp, or C-corp, you need an EIN. You can obtain one free from the IRS website (irs.gov) in about 15 minutes; the IRS issues it when ready online. If you do not have one yet, explore before you visit the bank, or ask the bank whether they can open the account while you are in the process of getting one.

Ownership and signature authority

Banks ask who owns the business and who is authorized to sign checks and move money. For a sole proprietorship, you are the owner and the signer. For an LLC or corporation with multiple owners, the bank will ask for the names and ownership percentages of all owners, and which owners can sign on the account.

If someone other than the owner will manage the account — a bookkeeper, accountant, or business partner — the bank will ask for that person's name, address, and ID. You do not need to bring these documents on your first visit if you are unsure; you can add signers later. However, if you know in advance that two people will sign checks, tell the bank when you open the account, because some banks charge a fee to add a signer afterward.

Initial deposit and account minimums

Most banks require an opening deposit to set up the account, though the amount varies widely — some accept $25, others require $500 or more. A few banks waive the opening deposit if you set up direct deposit or maintain a minimum balance. Ask the bank what they require before you visit, because you will need to bring a check, debit card, or cash to fund the account on the spot.

Some banks also impose a minimum balance to avoid a monthly fee. This is separate from the opening deposit: you might deposit $100 to open the account, but then need to keep $1,000 in the account at all times to avoid a $15 monthly charge. Read the fee schedule the bank provides, or ask them to walk you through it before you commit.

Documents the bank may request later

After you open the account, the bank may ask for additional documents, especially if your business is new or if you plan to deposit large amounts of cash. Banks are required by federal law to verify the source of funds and the beneficial owners of the business, so they may ask for tax returns, business licenses, or documentation of where startup capital came from.

If you receive a request for documents after opening, the bank will usually give you 30 days to provide them. This is routine and does not mean anything is wrong with your account. Have your most recent tax return and any business license handy so you can respond quickly if asked.

What happens during the account opening

The process typically takes 15 to 30 minutes in person. The bank representative will ask you to verify the information on the account process, review the fee schedule and terms, and sign the account agreement. You will choose a debit card design and set up online banking access. Some banks offer to order checks during the appointment; others require you to order them online or by phone afterward.

If you open the account online instead of in person, the bank will ask you to upload photos of your ID and business formation documents. You may also need to verify your identity through a video call with a bank representative. Online account opening usually takes one to three business days to complete, whereas in-person accounts are active the same day.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I open a business checking account without an EIN?

Yes, if you are a sole proprietor. You can use your Social Security number instead. However, many banks ask for an EIN anyway, even from sole proprietors, so it is worth obtaining one before you visit. It is free and takes 15 minutes online.

What if I do not have my Articles of Organization yet?

Some banks will open the account while your LLC or corporation registration is pending, but they may place a hold on the account until you provide the formation document. Ask the bank whether they can proceed without it, or whether you should wait until the document arrives from your state.

Do I need a business license to open a checking account?

Most banks do not require a business license at the time you open the account. However, some states or cities require one before you operate, so check your local requirements separately. The bank may ask for a copy later if they request additional documentation.

Can someone else open the account on my behalf?

No. The owner or an authorized representative must be present in person or on a video call to verify their identity. Banks cannot open a business account based on a power of attorney or a letter from the owner.

How long does it take to get checks after I open the account?

If you order checks through the bank, they usually arrive in five to ten business days. Some banks offer expedited printing for an extra fee. You can also use a third-party check printer, which is often cheaper, though the bank may require you to use their routing number and account number.