What you need to bring and where to go

You can open a checking account at a bank or credit union by visiting a branch in person, calling, or using their website. Most banks and credit unions will ask you for the same basic documents: a government-issued photo ID (a driver's license, passport, or state ID card), proof of your current address (a utility bill, lease, or bank statement dated within the last 60 days), and your Social Security number or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number.

Some banks let you start the process online and finish it in a branch. Others require you to come in person from the start. A few online-only banks let you complete everything remotely using your phone camera to photograph your ID. Call or check the bank's website to see which method they use — this matters because it affects how fast you can open the account.

If you do not have a photo ID, some banks will accept other documents instead, like a passport card, tribal ID, or military ID. If you do not have proof of address, bring a second form of ID or ask the bank what else they will take — some accept recent pay stubs or letters from government agencies.

Key Takeaways

  • You will need a photo ID, proof of your address, and your Social Security number or ITIN to open an account at most banks and credit unions.
  • Some banks let you start online and finish in a branch, while others require you to come in person or complete everything remotely.
  • The whole process usually takes 15 to 30 minutes in a branch, or a few minutes online if the bank offers remote opening.
  • You can open an account with as little as $0 to $25 at many banks, though some require a larger opening deposit.
  • If you have been denied a checking account before, ask the bank why — you may be able to open an account elsewhere or address the problem.

What happens during the process

When you sit down with a banker or fill out the online form, they will ask for your personal information: your full name, date of birth, address, phone number, and email. They will also ask about your employment and income, though you do not have to answer if you do not want to — this is optional information used to market products to you, not to decide whether to open the account.

The banker will then run a check on you using ChexSystems or Early Warning Services, which are databases that track banking history. These systems record accounts you have closed, overdrafts you did not pay back, and fraud reports. The bank uses this to decide whether to open your account. This check does not affect your credit score.

You will also choose which type of checking account to open — basic, premium, student, or senior accounts have different fees and features. Ask the banker to explain the monthly fee (if any), overdraft fees, and whether you get a debit card right away or have to wait for it in the mail.

How long it takes and when you can use the account

If you open the account in a branch, you usually walk out with a debit card the same day, though some banks mail it instead. Your account number and routing number are ready to use when ready, so you can set up direct deposit or start paying bills online that same day if you need to.

If you open online, the bank may give you a temporary card number you can use right away, or they may mail a physical card within 5 to 10 business days. Your account is active as soon as the bank confirms your identity, which usually happens within a few minutes to a few hours.

Money you deposit in person is usually available the same day. Money deposited by check or transfer may take one to three business days to clear, depending on the bank and the type of deposit.

What to do if the bank says no

If a bank denies you, they must tell you why — usually because of a negative ChexSystems report, an unpaid overdraft at another bank, or a fraud report. Ask for the specific reason and request a copy of your ChexSystems report so you can see what they saw. You can dispute errors on your report directly with ChexSystems or Early Warning Services.

If the reason is an unpaid overdraft or fee, some banks will open an account if you pay the old debt first. If the reason is fraud or a closed account due to suspicious activity, you may need to wait six months to a year before trying again, or try a different bank that has less strict policies.

Some banks and credit unions specialize in second-chance checking for people with banking problems. These accounts often have higher fees, but they are designed for people in your situation. A local credit union is often a good place to start because they may review your process by hand instead of relying only on ChexSystems.

Bringing money to deposit

You do not have to deposit money when you open the account — many banks let you open with $0. However, if the bank requires a minimum opening deposit, it is usually between $25 and $100. Ask before you go in so you know whether to bring cash or a check.

If you bring cash, bring it in an envelope and count it with the banker so there is no confusion later. If you bring a check, make sure it is signed and has the date on it. Some banks will let you deposit checks using your phone camera once the account is open, so you do not have to come back to the branch.

Setting up direct deposit and online access

Once your account is open, you can set up direct deposit — this is when your employer or a government agency sends your paycheck straight into your account instead of giving you a paper check. The banker can show you how to do this, or you can do it yourself using your account number and routing number, which the bank will give you on a receipt or in the mail.

You will also get a username and password to log into online banking so you can check your balance, transfer money, and pay bills from your computer or phone. The banker will walk you through this, or you can set it up at home using the bank's website or app.

Some banks offer a temporary access code you can use right away, while others mail you a code in a separate letter for security. Either way, you can usually start using online banking within a day or two of opening the account.

Choosing between a bank and a credit union

Banks and credit unions both offer checking accounts, but they work differently. Banks are for-profit companies owned by shareholders. Credit unions are nonprofit organizations owned by their members — you become a member when you open an account. This means credit unions often have lower fees and better customer service, but they may have fewer branches and ATMs.

Banks are usually faster and more convenient if you travel or need 24-hour customer service. Credit unions are often better if you want lower fees, have had banking problems before, or want to build a relationship with a local organization. Many people have accounts at both.

To find a credit union near you, search the CO-OP network or Alliant network websites — these let you use thousands of ATMs for free even if you are not a member of that specific credit union. Banks also have ATM networks, though some charge fees if you use an ATM that is not theirs.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I open a checking account without a Social Security number?

Yes. If you have an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN), you can use that instead. Some banks also accept a passport number or other government ID number. Call the bank first to ask what they will take, because policies vary.

What if I do not have a permanent address?

Some banks will accept a shelter address, a PO box, or a care-of address (like a friend's address where you receive mail). Call ahead and explain your situation — banks have more flexibility than you might think, especially if you have a photo ID and a phone number where they can reach you.

Do I need to keep a minimum balance in the account?

Many banks no longer require a minimum balance, but some do. If the account requires a minimum and your balance drops below it, the bank charges a monthly fee. Ask about this before you open the account so you know what to expect.

Can someone else open an account for me?

No. You must be present in person or complete the process yourself online. The bank needs to verify your identity directly. If you need help, ask a trusted friend or family member to go with you, but you will be the one signing the paperwork.

What if I want to close the account later?

You can close a checking account anytime by calling the bank, visiting a branch, or using online banking. Make sure you have withdrawn all your money and paid any outstanding checks first. The bank will confirm the account is closed and send you a final statement.