The documents banks ask for when you open an account

Most banks will ask for two things: proof of who you are, and proof of where you live. You'll also need to bring a way to fund the account — either cash, a check, or a debit card from another bank. The exact list varies slightly by bank and by state, but the core documents are the same everywhere.

Banks ask for these documents because federal law requires them to verify your identity before opening an account. This is called Know Your Customer (KYC) verification, and it's a standard practice across all banks, credit unions, and online banks. It protects both you and the bank.

Key Takeaways

  • You will need a government-issued photo ID (driver's license, passport, or state ID card) and proof of your current address (utility bill, lease, or bank statement).
  • If you don't have a current address or your ID is expired, call the bank before you go in — some branches can work around this, others cannot.
  • Bring a second form of ID if you have one, even if the bank doesn't ask for it, because it speeds up the process if there's any question.
  • You'll need to fund the account on the day you open it, so bring cash, a check, or a debit card from another bank.
  • If you're opening an account for a minor, bring the child's birth certificate and your own ID and proof of address.

Government-issued photo identification

This is the document banks ask for first. It needs to have your photo, your full name, and your date of birth. A driver's license or state ID card works everywhere. A U.S. passport works everywhere. A passport card also works. A tribal ID works at most banks.

The ID does not have to be current — an expired driver's license is usually fine. However, if it expired more than five or ten years ago, call ahead. Some banks will accept it; others won't. The bank's website usually lists what they accept, or you can call the branch directly and ask.

If you don't have a photo ID, some banks and credit unions will work with you using other documents — a birth certificate plus a utility bill, for example — but this is less common. Call before you go in. If you're in this situation, a credit union in your area may be more flexible than a large bank.

Proof of your current address

Banks need to know where you live right now. A utility bill in your name works — electric, gas, water, or internet. A lease or rental agreement works. A recent bank or credit card statement works. A government document with your address works — a tax return, a benefit letter, or a state ID card.

The document usually needs to be from the last 30 to 90 days. Check your bank's website or call to confirm the timeframe they use. If you just moved and don't have a bill or lease in your new name yet, bring what you have and explain the situation. Many banks will accept a lease that's been signed but not yet reflected in a utility bill.

If you're homeless or living with someone else and don't have a document in your name, some banks will accept a letter from a shelter, a social services agency, or the person whose address you're using. Again, call ahead — this varies by branch and by bank.

A second form of identification (optional but helpful)

Banks don't always require a second ID, but bringing one speeds things up if there's any question about your identity. This could be a Social Security card, a work ID, a school ID, a library card, or a credit card. It doesn't have to be government-issued.

If your name has changed — through marriage, divorce, or legal name change — bring a document that shows both your old name and your new name. This could be a marriage certificate, a divorce decree, or a court order. Without it, the bank may ask you to come back with the document before they can open the account.

Money to fund the account

You'll need to put money into the account on the day you open it. Most banks require a minimum opening deposit, though the amount varies. Some banks ask for $25; others ask for $100 or more. A few banks have no minimum. Check your bank's website before you go in.

You can fund the account with cash, a check, or a debit card from another bank. If you're using a check, it can be a check made out to you, or a check from someone else made out to you. If you're using a debit card, bring the card itself — the bank will run it through their system to verify it's real, but they won't charge it unless you authorize them to.

Documents for a joint account or account for a minor

If you're opening a joint account with someone else, that person needs to come in with you and bring their own ID and proof of address. Both of you will sign the paperwork.

If you're opening an account for a child under 18, you'll need the child's birth certificate and your own ID and proof of address. Some banks allow children as young as 13 to have their own account with a parent as a co-owner; others require the parent to be the sole owner until the child turns 18. Call ahead to ask what your bank allows.

What to do if you don't have all the documents

If you're missing one of the standard documents, don't assume you can't open an account. Call the bank's customer service line or visit a branch and explain what you have. Many banks have flexibility, especially for people new to the banking system. A credit union may be more willing to work with you than a large national bank.

If you're missing a photo ID entirely, look into getting a state ID card from your state's Department of Motor Vehicles. This is different from a driver's license and doesn't require you to pass a driving test. It costs money — usually $15 to $50 depending on your state — but it's the fastest way to get a document that banks will accept.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I open an account online without going to a branch?

Many online banks and some traditional banks let you open an account entirely online. You'll upload photos of your ID and proof of address instead of showing them in person. The process is the same — you still need the same documents — but you don't have to visit a branch. Check your bank's website to see if they offer online account opening.

What if my address on my ID doesn't match where I live now?

Bring both your ID and a separate proof of your current address. The bank will use the ID to verify who you are and the utility bill or lease to verify where you live now. You don't need to update your ID first.

Do I need a Social Security number to open a checking account?

Most banks require a Social Security number or an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). If you don't have either, ask the bank whether they can open an account using your passport number instead. Some banks can; others cannot. Credit unions are sometimes more flexible on this.

Can someone else open an account for me if I can't go to the bank?

No. You need to be present in person (or online, if the bank offers it) to sign the account paperwork. The bank needs to verify your identity themselves. A family member or friend cannot do this for you.

What happens after I bring in my documents?

The bank will verify your information, you'll sign the account agreement, you'll fund the account, and you'll receive your debit card and checks (if you ordered them). The whole process usually takes 15 to 30 minutes. Your account is active when ready, though checks and debit cards may take a few business days to arrive if you ordered them.