The documents and information banks require

To open a checking account, you need a government-issued photo ID, proof of your current address, and your Social Security number or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). Most banks also ask for an initial deposit, though the amount varies—some require $25, others $300 or more, and a growing number have no minimum at all.

The photo ID must be current and show your name and face. A driver's license, passport, or state ID card all work. For the address proof, banks accept recent utility bills, lease agreements, mortgage statements, or bank statements showing your name and where you live. The document usually needs to be dated within the last 60 to 90 days, though this varies by bank.

If you don't have a Social Security number, an ITIN (issued by the IRS to people who file taxes but aren't may be able to access for a Social Security number) works instead. Some banks also accept an Individual Number for Identification Purposes (INIP) if you're in the process of getting an ITIN. Call ahead to confirm what your specific bank accepts.

Key Takeaways

  • You need a current government photo ID, proof of your address from the last 60 to 90 days, and a Social Security number or ITIN.
  • Most banks require an opening deposit, but the amount ranges from zero to several hundred dollars depending on the institution.
  • You can open an account in person at a branch, online, or by mail, and the process usually takes 10 to 20 minutes in person or a few days online.
  • If you have a history of overdrafts or fraud reported to ChexSystems, some banks will decline you, though others specialize in second-chance accounts.
  • Bring originals or certified copies of documents—banks will not accept photos or screenshots of your ID or address proof.

Where your Social Security number goes and how it's used

Banks report your Social Security number to ChexSystems, a consumer reporting agency that tracks checking and savings account history. They use it to see whether you've had accounts closed due to overdrafts, fraud, or other problems. This is separate from your credit report—a bad ChexSystems record won't affect your credit score, but it can prevent you from opening an account at most mainstream banks.

The bank also uses your Social Security number to verify your identity and to report your account activity to the IRS if you earn interest. If you're opening an account with an ITIN instead, the process is the same, though some banks have additional verification steps for ITIN holders.

What happens if you have a ChexSystems record

If you've had accounts closed for overdrafts, fraud, or other issues, that history stays in ChexSystems for five years. When you explore for a new account, the bank pulls your ChexSystems report. If there's a record, they may decline you outright, or they may ask you to explain what happened.

You're not locked out forever. Some banks—often called "second-chance" banks—specialize in accounts for people with ChexSystems records. They typically charge higher fees and offer fewer features, but they do open accounts. Credit unions sometimes take a more flexible approach than large banks. Before you explore anywhere, you can request your own ChexSystems report for free at www.chexsystems.com to see what's actually on file. If there's an error, you can dispute it directly with ChexSystems.

Opening an account in person versus online

In-person opening at a bank branch takes 10 to 20 minutes. You bring your documents, show them to a banker, and they verify everything on the spot. You leave with a debit card (sometimes when ready, sometimes in 7 to 10 days) and access to your account. This route works well if you want to ask questions or if you have an unusual situation—like no fixed address or documents that don't match perfectly.

Online opening takes longer but requires no trip. You upload photos of your ID and address proof, enter your information, and wait for the bank to verify everything. This usually takes 24 to 48 hours, though some banks take up to a week. Your debit card arrives by mail in 7 to 10 business days. Online opening works best if you have clear, readable documents and a stable address.

A few banks still allow mail-in opening, though it's rare. You mail in copies of your documents and a completed process. This takes the longest—typically two to three weeks—and carries more risk of documents getting lost. Most people choose in-person or online instead.

Minimum deposits and account fees

Opening deposits range from zero to $500 depending on the bank and account type. Large national banks often require $100 to $300. Online banks and credit unions frequently have no minimum. Some banks waive the minimum if you set up direct deposit. Check the bank's website or call before you go in—the minimum is usually listed under account details.

Monthly maintenance fees also vary widely. Some accounts charge $10 to $15 per month with no conditions. Others waive the fee if you maintain a minimum balance (often $500 to $1,500), set up direct deposit, or make a certain number of debit card transactions per month. A growing number of banks charge no monthly fee at all. Read the fee schedule carefully—a low opening deposit doesn't matter if you'll pay $15 a month in fees you can't avoid.

What to bring and what not to bring

Bring originals of your documents or certified copies. Banks will not accept photographs, screenshots, or photocopies of your ID or address proof. If you're opening online, you'll upload images, but they need to be clear, well-lit photos of the actual documents—not photos of your phone screen showing the documents.

Bring your Social Security number or ITIN written down if you're worried about remembering it. Bring a list of any other banks where you currently have accounts—the banker may ask. Don't bring cash for the opening deposit unless the bank specifically says that's the only way to fund it; most prefer a check, transfer from another account, or electronic deposit.

If you're opening an account for a child or dependent, bring their birth certificate or passport along with your ID and proof of address. Some banks have a minimum age (often 13 or 16) for independent accounts, and younger children need a parent or guardian on the account.

How long until you can use the account

If you open in person, you can usually start using your account the same day—you'll get online access when ready and can transfer money or set up bill pay right away. Your physical debit card arrives in 7 to 10 business days. Some banks issue a temporary card number you can use online while you wait for the physical card.

If you open online, you'll have access to your account within 24 to 48 hours in most cases. You can transfer money and set up bill pay, but you won't have a debit card until it arrives by mail. Some online banks let you request a temporary card number for online purchases while you wait.

Checks you deposit take 1 to 5 business days to clear, depending on the bank and the check amount. Direct deposits typically post on the day they're sent, or the next business day. Transfers between your own accounts at the same bank are usually when ready.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I open a checking account without a Social Security number?

Yes, if you have an ITIN or are in the process of getting one. Some banks also accept an Individual Number for Identification Purposes (INIP) issued by the IRS. Call your bank ahead of time to confirm what they accept, because policies vary. If you have neither, a few banks will work with you, but you'll need to ask directly.

What if my address proof is older than 90 days?

Most banks will decline it, but some are flexible if your address hasn't changed. Bring the old document and explain the situation to the banker. If you're opening online, contact the bank's customer service before you submit—they may tell you what they'll accept. A recent utility bill or lease is your best bet if you can get one quickly.

Do I need a minimum balance to keep the account open?

It depends on the bank and account type. Some accounts require you to maintain $500 or $1,000 to avoid monthly fees, while others have no minimum at all. Check the fee schedule before you open. If you can't maintain the minimum, choose an account with no minimum requirement or one that waives the fee if you set up direct deposit.

What if the bank says I'm in ChexSystems and won't open an account?

Request your ChexSystems report to see what's actually on file—you may be able to dispute errors. Then look for a second-chance bank or credit union in your area. These institutions often work with people who have ChexSystems records. Expect higher fees and fewer features, but you will be able to open an account.

Can someone else open an account on my behalf?

No. You must be present in person or open the account yourself online. The bank needs to verify your identity directly. If you're unable to visit a branch, opening online is your option. If you're opening an account for a minor, a parent or guardian must be present and on the account.