The documents and information banks require to open an account
Most banks need four things before they'll open a checking or savings account: a government-issued photo ID, proof of your current address, your Social Security number, and an initial deposit (though some accounts have no minimum). The exact documents vary slightly by bank and by state, but these four categories cover what nearly every institution will ask for. If you're missing one of them, the bank will tell you what alternative they'll accept instead of turning you away.
The reason banks ask for these things is not to be difficult. They're required by federal law to verify your identity and prevent money laundering and fraud. This process is called Know Your Customer (KYC) verification, and it's the same whether you're opening an account at a large national bank or a small credit union. Understanding what each piece does makes the process faster and less frustrating.
Key Takeaways
- You need a government photo ID (driver's license, passport, or state ID card), proof of your address from the last 30 to 90 days, your Social Security number, and usually an opening deposit of $25 to $100.
- If you don't have a Social Security number, you can use an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) at most banks, though some institutions are more restrictive.
- Proof of address can be a utility bill, lease, mortgage statement, or government mail — anything recent with your name and current address on it.
- If you've been denied an account before, ask the bank why and whether ChexSystems or Early Warning Services flagged you; you have the right to dispute inaccurate information.
Government-issued photo ID and why banks require it
A valid photo ID is the first thing a bank will ask for. This means a driver's license, state ID card, passport, or passport card. The ID has to be current or expired no more than a few years — banks vary on how old they'll accept, but most take anything issued within the last 10 years. The ID serves as proof that you are who you say you are and that you're old enough to open an account (usually 18, though some banks allow minors with a parent or guardian).
If you don't have a driver's license or passport, a state ID card is the easiest alternative. You can get one from your state's Department of Motor Vehicles even if you don't drive. If you're not a U.S. citizen, a passport from your country of origin works just as well as a U.S. passport. Some banks will also accept a military ID or tribal ID, though you should call ahead to confirm.
Proof of address and what documents the bank will take
Banks need to know where you live. They'll accept almost any document dated within the last 30 to 90 days that has your name and current address on it. A utility bill (electric, gas, water, internet) is the most common choice. A lease or mortgage statement works. So does a bank statement from another bank, a credit card statement, or government mail like a tax return, voter registration card, or benefits letter.
If you're homeless or living with someone else and don't have a document in your name, some banks will accept a letter from a shelter, a social services agency, or a person you're staying with. Call the bank's customer service line before you go in and ask what they'll accept in your situation — they often have more flexibility than their standard list suggests.
Your Social Security number or ITIN
Banks are required to collect a Social Security number (SSN) to report interest earned on your account to the IRS and to check whether you have a history of fraud or unpaid debts. If you're a U.S. citizen or permanent resident, you have an SSN. If you're not a citizen but you work or file taxes in the United States, you may have an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) instead.
Most banks will open an account with an ITIN, though some larger national banks are more restrictive. Credit unions and community banks are generally more willing to work with ITINs. If a bank refuses your ITIN, ask whether they'll accept it if you bring additional documentation, such as a work visa or employment authorization document. If they still refuse, try a different bank — your options are not limited to one institution.
The opening deposit and minimum balance requirements
Many banks require an opening deposit to start an account, usually between $25 and $100. Some accounts have no minimum at all. The deposit goes into your account when ready and is yours to use — it's not a fee. A few banks will waive the opening deposit if you set up direct deposit of your paycheck, though you don't have to use that account for direct deposit once it's open.
After the account is open, some accounts have a minimum balance you need to keep in the account to avoid monthly fees. Others have no minimum. If you're opening an account with very little money, ask the bank whether the account you're choosing has a monthly maintenance fee and what the minimum balance is to avoid it. This information is in the account's fee schedule, which the bank is required to give you before you open the account.
What happens if you've been denied before or flagged by ChexSystems
If a bank has turned you down, it may be because you're listed in ChexSystems or Early Warning Services, which are databases that banks use to check whether you've had problems at other banks. These databases track things like overdrafts you didn't pay back, accounts closed due to fraud, or repeated NSF (non-sufficient funds) fees. Being listed doesn't mean you can never open an account again — it means some banks won't open one with you until the issue is resolved or the record ages out.
You have the right to know why you were denied and which database flagged you. Ask the bank for this information in writing. Then contact ChexSystems or Early Warning Services directly to request your report and dispute any inaccurate information. You can also look for banks that don't use these databases, such as some credit unions or online banks, though they may have their own screening process. The process to dispute a report takes time, but it's worth doing if the information is wrong.
Opening an account online versus in person
Many banks now let you open an account entirely online. You'll upload photos of your ID and proof of address, enter your Social Security number, and fund the account by transferring money from another bank account or using a debit card. The whole process takes 10 to 15 minutes, and your account is usually ready to use the same day or within 24 hours.
Some banks still require you to come in person, especially if you're opening a business account or if something in your process doesn't match their verification systems. If you open online and the bank needs more information, they'll contact you by phone or email. If you prefer to open in person, bring all four items (ID, proof of address, SSN, and opening deposit) and plan to spend 20 to 30 minutes at the branch.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I open a bank account without a Social Security number?
Yes, if you have an ITIN. Most banks and credit unions will open an account with an ITIN instead of an SSN. Some larger national banks are stricter, but community banks and credit unions are usually more flexible. If one bank refuses, try another — you have options.
What if my ID is expired?
Most banks will accept an expired ID as long as it expired within the last 5 to 10 years and the photo still looks like you. Call the bank before you go in to confirm their policy. If your ID is older than that, renew it at your state's Department of Motor Vehicles before opening the account.
Do I have to make a deposit to open an account?
Most banks require an opening deposit of $25 to $100, but some accounts have no minimum. Ask the bank whether the specific account you want requires a deposit. Even if it does, the money is yours when ready — it's not a fee.
What counts as proof of address if I'm living with family?
A utility bill, lease, or mortgage in your name is ideal, but if you don't have one, ask the bank what they'll accept. Many will take a letter from the person whose name is on the lease or utility bill, or a letter from a social services agency. Call ahead so you know what to bring.
How long does it take to open an account?
Online accounts usually open within 24 hours. In-person accounts take 20 to 30 minutes at the branch, and you can start using the account the same day. Some banks may take longer if they need to verify additional information.