What you need to bring and where to go
To open a bank account in the USA, you will need a government-issued photo ID, proof of your current address, and your Social Security number or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). Walk into any bank or credit union branch, or visit their website to start online. Most accounts open the same day or within a few business days.
The specific documents vary slightly by bank and by state. A driver's license or passport works for ID. For address proof, bring a recent utility bill, lease, or mortgage statement with your name and current address. If you do not have a Social Security number, an ITIN (issued by the IRS to people who file taxes but are not citizens) works instead — banks accept both.
You do not need to have money in your account to open it. Many banks let you open with zero dollars and deposit later. Some require a small opening deposit, usually between $25 and $100, but this varies by bank and account type.
Key Takeaways
- Bring a government photo ID, proof of your address, and your Social Security number or ITIN to any bank or credit union branch.
- You can open an account in person at a branch or online through the bank's website, and most accounts are ready to use within one business day.
- Many banks do not require an opening deposit, but some ask for $25 to $100 — call ahead or check the bank's website to know what to expect.
- Credit unions often have lower fees and simpler requirements than large banks, especially if you are new to the banking system.
- Once your account is open, you will receive a debit card and checks within one to two weeks, and you can start using your account when ready through online banking or at the teller window.
The difference between banks and credit unions
A bank is a for-profit business that takes deposits and makes loans. A credit union is a nonprofit owned by its members — the people who bank there. Both hold your money safely and offer checking and savings accounts, but they work differently.
Credit unions typically charge lower fees, offer better interest rates on savings, and have simpler account requirements. They are often a better choice if you are new to banking or have had trouble with banks in the past. The trade-off is that credit unions have fewer branches and ATMs than large national banks, though most credit unions are part of shared networks that let you use other credit unions' ATMs for free.
Banks have more locations and online tools, but they often charge monthly fees, require higher minimum balances, and have stricter policies. If you travel frequently or need many ATM locations, a bank may be more convenient. If you want lower fees and personal service, a credit union is usually the better choice.
What happens during the account opening process
When you arrive at the branch or start online, a banker or the website will ask you to choose between a checking account (for everyday spending) and a savings account (for money you want to keep). Many people open both at the same time. The banker will ask your name, address, phone number, and date of birth, and will verify your ID and Social Security number.
You will then sign paperwork or digital agreements that explain the account rules, fees, and how the bank protects your money. Read these carefully or ask the banker to explain anything you do not understand. The banker will also ask how you plan to deposit money — by check, direct deposit from an employer, or cash at the branch.
Once everything is signed, your account number is created when ready. You can start using your account right away through online banking or by visiting the teller. Your debit card and checks arrive by mail within one to two weeks. If you need cash before then, you can withdraw from the teller window or use the ATM with your temporary card number.
Documents you may be asked for
Banks are required by federal law to verify who you are before opening an account. Here is what they typically ask for:
| Document Type | What counts | Why they need it |
|---|---|---|
| Photo ID | Driver's license, passport, state ID card, or tribal ID | Proves you are who you say you are |
| Address proof | Utility bill, lease, mortgage statement, or government mail dated within the last 60 days | Confirms where you live |
| Tax ID number | Social Security number (SSN) or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) | Required by federal law for all accounts |
| Employment info (sometimes) | Employer name and address, or a recent pay stub | Some banks ask this to verify income, but it is not required |
If you do not have a Social Security number, you can still open an account with an ITIN. If you do not have either, some banks and credit unions will work with you — ask about their options for people without a tax ID number.
Opening an account if you have had banking problems before
If you have been denied a bank account in the past, or if you closed an account with an unpaid balance or overdraft fees, you may worry about opening a new one. Banks use a system called ChexSystems to track account closures and unpaid fees. If you are listed, some banks will refuse to open an account with you.
The good news is that you have options. Credit unions are less likely to use ChexSystems and more likely to work with you if you explain what happened. Some banks offer second-chance accounts designed for people in this situation — they have higher fees but no minimum balance and simpler requirements. Call ahead and ask if the bank offers second-chance accounts before you visit.
You can also request your ChexSystems report to see what is listed about you. If there is an error, you can dispute it. Even if the information is correct, many banks will still open an account if you bring a co-signer or if enough time has passed since the problem.
What to do after your account opens
Once your account is open, set up direct deposit if you receive a paycheck. This means your employer deposits your pay directly into your account instead of giving you a paper check. It is faster, safer, and free. Ask your employer's payroll department for the form, and bring your account number and routing number (both on your first check or available from your bank).
Set up online banking so you can check your balance, transfer money, and pay bills from home or your phone. The bank will give you a username and password, or you can set one up on their website. Write down your username and password somewhere safe, or use your phone's password manager.
Review your account agreement to understand the fees. Most checking accounts charge nothing, but some charge a monthly maintenance fee (usually $5 to $15) if you do not keep a minimum balance or set up direct deposit. Savings accounts earn interest — the amount varies by bank and changes over time, but it is information programs for keeping your savings there.
Opening an account online versus in person
Most banks now let you open an account entirely online. You upload photos of your ID and address proof, enter your information, and sign electronically. The account opens within hours or a few business days, and your debit card arrives by mail.
Opening in person at a branch takes the same amount of time but gives you a chance to ask questions and meet the staff. If you are new to banking or uncomfortable with technology, in-person is often easier. If you prefer to move quickly and do not have questions, online is faster.
Some banks require you to visit a branch in person the first time, even if you start online. Check the bank's website or call before you begin, so you know what to expect.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need a Social Security number to open a bank account?
You need either a Social Security number or an ITIN. If you do not have either, some credit unions and smaller banks will still work with you — call ahead and ask. A few banks will open an account if you bring a co-signer with a Social Security number.
Can I open an account if I do not have a permanent address?
Most banks require a current address. If you are homeless or living temporarily, bring mail addressed to you at a shelter, a friend's address, or a mail service. Some banks will accept a shelter address or a PO box. Call the bank first to ask what they accept.
How long does it take to get a debit card after I open my account?
Your debit card arrives by mail within one to two weeks. You can withdraw cash at the teller or ATM when ready using your temporary card number, which the bank gives you when you open the account.
What is the difference between a checking and savings account?
A checking account is for money you use regularly — you get a debit card and checks, and there are no limits on withdrawals. A savings account earns interest and is meant for money you keep long-term, though you can withdraw anytime. Many people have both.
What if I make a mistake on my process?
Tell the banker or bank staff when ready. Most mistakes can be corrected before the account opens. If you notice an error after the account is open, contact the bank and ask them to fix it — they usually can within a few business days.