The documents you'll need to bring

Most banks ask for two things: proof of who you are, and proof of where you live. You do not need perfect documents — banks know that people's situations vary.

For proof of identity, bring a government-issued ID. A driver's license works best. If you don't have one, a passport, state ID card, or tribal ID all work. Some banks will accept a foreign passport if you don't have a U.S. ID yet.

For proof of address, bring something recent with your name and current street address on it. A utility bill (electric, water, gas), lease agreement, or mortgage statement all work. The document usually needs to be from the last 60 days, though this varies by bank. If you're homeless or living with someone else, ask the bank what they accept — some will take a letter from a shelter, a social services agency, or even a friend willing to confirm your address in writing.

Bring the originals, not copies. The bank employee will look at them and usually hand them back to you.

Key Takeaways

  • You need one government-issued ID (driver's license, passport, or state ID) and one recent document showing your current address, such as a utility bill or lease.
  • If you don't have a recent address document, ask the bank what alternatives they accept — some will take a letter from a shelter or social services agency.
  • Bring originals, not copies, and the bank will return them to you after checking.
  • If you have no ID at all, some banks and credit unions have programs for people in this situation; call ahead to ask.
  • You'll also need to decide what type of account you want (checking, savings, or both) and bring money to open it, though some banks waive the opening deposit.

Money to open the account

Most banks require an opening deposit — a small amount of money you put in when you start the account. This is usually $25 to $100, though it varies. Some banks, especially credit unions and online banks, have no opening deposit requirement at all.

You can bring cash, a check, or ask if you can transfer money from another account. If you're opening an account because you don't have one yet, cash is usually the simplest option.

Choosing what type of account to open

Banks offer different account types, and you should know the difference before you walk in.

A checking account is for money you use regularly. You get a debit card (a card that pulls money directly from your account) and checks (paper slips you can write to pay people). You can withdraw money anytime without penalty. Most checking accounts have no interest — the bank doesn't pay you to keep money there.

A savings account is for money you're setting aside. The bank pays you a small amount of interest (extra money) for keeping your balance there. You can withdraw money, but some accounts limit how many withdrawals you can make per month without a fee. Savings accounts earn more interest if your balance stays higher.

Many people open both at the same bank — a checking account for daily spending and a savings account for emergencies or goals. Some banks offer a combined package. Ask what they have.

Information the bank will ask you for

Beyond your documents, the bank will ask you questions and write down your answers. They're required by law to do this.

You'll need your Social Security number (or an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number if you don't have a Social Security number). The bank uses this to check your banking history and to report interest you earn to the government.

You'll also give your phone number, email address, and sometimes your employment information. If you're not currently employed, that's fine — just say so. The bank is not deciding whether to hire you; they're filling out a form.

The bank will ask if you want overdraft protection. This is a service that covers you if you spend more money than you have in your account — the bank lends you the difference and charges you a fee. Most people starting out should say no. It's easier to keep track of your balance and avoid overdrafts than to pay fees later.

What to bring if you don't have an ID

If you have no government-issued ID, opening an account is harder but not impossible. Some banks and credit unions have programs specifically for people without ID.

Call ahead and ask if they offer second chance banking or accounts for people without ID. You may need to bring additional documents — such as a birth certificate, school records, or letters from social services — to prove who you are. The process takes longer, and you might need to visit in person rather than online.

Credit unions are often more flexible than large banks on this. If your first bank says no, try a local credit union or a community bank.

Online accounts versus in-person accounts

You can open some accounts entirely online, while others require you to visit a branch in person.

Online banks let you open an account from home using your computer or phone. You upload photos of your ID and address document instead of showing them in person. This is faster and you can do it anytime. The downside: if something goes wrong or you have questions, you talk to customer service by phone or email, not face-to-face.

In-person accounts at a bank branch take longer — you have to go there during business hours — but a banker can answer questions on the spot and help you understand what you're signing. If you're new to banking, this can be worth the extra time.

Many banks offer both. You can ask which route is faster for your situation.

What happens after you open the account

Once you've signed the paperwork, the bank will give you a debit card (usually within a week or two) and checks if you opened a checking account. Your account is active when ready, even if your debit card hasn't arrived yet — you can start using it online or at the ATM.

The bank will send you a welcome packet with your account number and routing number. Keep this somewhere safe. You'll need these numbers if you want to set up direct deposit (having your paycheck go straight into your account) or pay bills online.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I open an account if I've had problems with banks before?

Yes. Banks check a system called ChexSystems, which records closed accounts and unpaid fees, but many banks will still open an account for you. Some specialize in second-chance banking. Call ahead and ask if they work with people who have had banking issues in the past.

Do I need a minimum balance to keep the account open?

It depends on the bank and account type. Some accounts have no minimum. Others require you to keep $100 or $500 in the account at all times, or they charge a monthly fee. Ask before you open the account so you know what to expect.

What if I don't have a permanent address right now?

Tell the bank your situation. Some will accept a shelter address, a PO box, or a letter from a social services agency confirming where you're staying. A few banks will even let you use a friend's address if you can get them to sign a statement. Call ahead rather than showing up unprepared.

Can someone else open an account for me?

No. You have to be there in person (or online) with your own ID. The bank needs to verify that you are who you say you are. A family member or friend can help you understand the process, but they cannot open the account for you.

How long does it take to open an account?

In person, usually 15 to 30 minutes. Online, it can take 5 to 10 minutes, though your account may not be fully active until the bank verifies your documents — usually within 24 hours. Some banks are faster than others.