The documents you'll need depend on the bank and the account type, but most require proof of identity and proof of address
Every bank needs to verify who you are before opening an account. This is a federal requirement called Know Your Customer (KYC), and it protects both you and the bank. The specific documents vary by bank and by what kind of account you want, but the pattern is the same: one document that proves your identity, and usually one that proves where you live.
Some banks ask for more if you're opening a business account, if you're not a U.S. citizen, or if you want certain features like overdraft protection. A few banks have streamlined their process and will let you open an account online with just a photo ID and a video call. Others still require you to walk in with originals. The best move is to call the bank's customer service line or visit a branch before you go, so you know exactly what to bring.
Key Takeaways
- A government-issued photo ID (driver's license, passport, or state ID card) is required at every bank to prove who you are.
- Most banks also need proof of your current address, which can be a utility bill, lease, or bank statement dated within the last 60 days.
- If you don't have a traditional address, some banks will accept a letter from a shelter, social services agency, or employer as proof of residence.
- Non-citizens can open accounts with a passport and an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN), though some banks have additional requirements.
- Calling ahead or checking the bank's website saves time — requirements differ between banks and between account types at the same bank.
Proof of identity: what counts and what doesn't
A government-issued photo ID is the standard. This means a driver's license, state ID card, or U.S. passport. Some banks also accept a passport card, military ID, or tribal ID. The ID needs to be current — expired IDs are usually rejected, though a few banks will accept one that expired within the last year.
What doesn't work: a school ID, a work badge, a library card, or a photo on your phone. These aren't government-issued, so banks won't take them. If you don't have a driver's license or passport, a state ID card is the easiest to get. You can explore at your state's Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), and the process usually takes a few weeks.
If you're not a U.S. citizen, you'll need a passport from your home country plus an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). An ITIN is a nine-digit number the IRS issues to people who don't have a Social Security number. You can explore for one through the IRS website or by mail using Form W-7. Some banks also ask for a visa or other immigration document, so check with your specific bank first.
Proof of address: documents that work
Most banks need to see where you live. This protects against fraud and helps the bank meet federal anti-money-laundering rules. A proof of address is usually a document with your name and current address on it, dated within the last 60 days. A utility bill (electric, gas, water, or internet) is the most common. A lease or rental agreement works too, as long as it shows your name and address.
Other documents that count: a bank statement from another bank, a mortgage statement, a property tax bill, a car insurance or home insurance policy, or a government check (like a tax refund or Social Security statement). Some banks also accept a credit card statement or a phone bill. The key is that it has to be recent — usually within 60 days, though a few banks go back 90 days.
If you don't have any of these, there are other options. A letter from a homeless shelter, a transitional housing program, or a social services agency stating your current address can work at many banks. Some banks will also accept a letter from your employer on company letterhead confirming your address. A few banks will let you use a P.O. box if you don't have a physical address, though this is becoming less common. Call the bank first to ask what they'll take.
What you need for specific account types
A basic checking or savings account usually needs just ID and proof of address. But if you want a business account, a joint account, or certain features, the bank may ask for more.
For a joint account (an account you share with another person), both account holders need to come in with their own ID and proof of address. The bank will verify both people before opening the account.
For a business account, you'll typically need your personal ID and proof of address, plus your Employer Identification Number (EIN) or Social Security number, and sometimes a business license or articles of incorporation. If someone else is signing on behalf of the business, they'll need their own ID too.
For a minor's account (under 18), a parent or guardian must come in with their own ID and proof of address, plus the minor's birth certificate or state ID. Some banks have a minimum age — many won't open an account for anyone under 13 without a parent present.
What to bring if you're opening an account online
Many banks now let you open a checking or savings account entirely online. The process is faster, but the bank still needs to verify who you are. Usually, you'll upload a photo of both sides of your government ID, and the bank's system will scan it automatically. Some banks also ask you to take a selfie so they can match your face to your ID photo.
For proof of address, you'll usually upload a photo of a utility bill or lease. Make sure the document is clear and readable — if the bank can't read it, they'll ask you to resubmit. A few banks skip the address verification if you're opening the account with a debit card from another bank or if you link an existing account.
Even with online accounts, some banks will call you to verify information before they set up the account. This is normal and takes just a few minutes. If the bank can't reach you, they may freeze the account until you call them back.
Documents you might need but probably won't
Some banks ask for extra documents depending on your situation. If you're opening an account with a large deposit (usually $10,000 or more), the bank may ask where the money came from. This is part of federal anti-money-laundering rules, not because the bank suspects anything — it's routine. Be ready to explain: a job, an inheritance, a sale of property, or a loan.
If you've had banking problems in the past, some banks will check your history through a system called ChexSystems. This isn't a document you provide — the bank checks it on their own. But if you know you've had issues (like bouncing checks or fraud), tell the bank upfront. Some banks specialize in second-chance accounts and won't penalize you for past problems.
If you're opening an account as a representative of someone else (a power of attorney, a guardian, or an executor of an estate), you'll need legal documents proving that authority. These vary by situation, so ask the bank what they need.
How to prepare before you go to the bank
Make a list of what you have at home: your ID, any recent bills or statements, your Social Security number (or ITIN if you don't have one), and your phone number. Then call the bank's customer service line or check their website for their specific requirements. Write down what they tell you — requirements can differ between branches of the same bank.
Bring originals, not copies, unless the bank specifically says copies are okay. Most banks want to see the real document. If you're mailing documents, send copies and keep the originals. If you're uploading them online, make sure the photos are clear, straight, and show the entire document on both sides.
If you're missing something, don't guess. Call the bank and ask what alternatives they'll take. Many banks are flexible if you explain your situation. Bringing the wrong documents wastes a trip, but calling first takes five minutes.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I open a bank account without a Social Security number?
Yes. If you don't have a Social Security number, you can get an ITIN from the IRS. You'll need your passport and Form W-7. Some banks will open an account with just an ITIN; others ask for additional documents like a visa or a letter from an immigration attorney. Call the bank first to confirm.
What if my ID is expired?
Most banks won't accept an expired ID, but a few will if it expired within the last year. Your best option is to renew it at your state's DMV before opening the account. If you're in a hurry, some states offer expedited renewal. Call the bank to ask their specific policy before you renew.
Can I use a P.O. box as my address?
Some banks will, but fewer than they used to. Federal rules push banks toward physical addresses. If you don't have one, ask the bank if they'll accept a letter from a shelter, social services agency, or employer instead. A few banks also accept a relative's address if you live with them.
Do I need to bring original documents or can I send copies?
If you're opening an account in person, bring originals. If you're opening online, you'll upload photos of both sides. If you're mailing documents, send copies and keep the originals. Never mail original documents — they can get lost.
How long does it take to open an account once I bring the documents?
In person, it usually takes 15 to 30 minutes. Online, it can take anywhere from a few minutes to a few days, depending on whether the bank needs to call you to verify information. Some banks set up your account the same day; others wait one to three business days.