You need an ID, proof of address, and your Social Security number

Most banks will ask for three things: a government-issued photo ID (like a driver's license or passport), a document showing your current address, and your Social Security number. Some banks may ask for one or two of these instead of all three, depending on their rules and what state you live in. A few banks have different requirements if you don't have a Social Security number yet — they may use an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) instead, or ask additional questions.

The reason banks ask for these is federal law. Banks have to verify who you are and report certain account information to the government. This protects you from fraud and helps prevent money laundering. It's not optional, and it's the same across all banks.

Key Takeaways

  • You will need a government photo ID, proof of your current address, and your Social Security number or ITIN to open most bank accounts.
  • Proof of address can be a utility bill, lease, mortgage statement, or government mail — it usually needs to be dated within the last 60 days.
  • If you don't have a photo ID, some banks will accept other documents like a passport card, state ID card, or tribal ID instead.
  • If you're opening an account for someone else (like a child or elderly relative), you may need additional documents proving your relationship and authority.
  • Some banks have lower document requirements for online-only accounts, though you may still need to verify your identity by video call or mail.

What counts as proof of address

A utility bill, lease agreement, mortgage statement, or government mail showing your name and current address usually works. The document typically needs to be dated within the last 60 days, though some banks accept older documents if you're a new customer. If you don't have any of these, ask the bank what else they'll take — some accept bank statements, insurance documents, or letters from government agencies.

If you're homeless or living with someone else and don't have mail in your name, tell the bank directly. Many have workarounds: some will accept a letter from a shelter or social services agency, a statement from someone you live with, or even a phone call from a government worker who can vouch for your address. Don't assume you can't open an account — ask what options exist.

Photo ID requirements and alternatives

A driver's license or state ID card is the easiest option. If you don't have one, a U.S. passport, passport card, military ID, or tribal ID usually works. Some banks also accept a permanent resident card (green card) or a foreign passport with a U.S. visa. The ID needs to have your photo, your name, and usually an expiration date (though some banks will accept expired IDs if they're not too old).

If you have no photo ID at all, you have options but they take longer. Some banks will let you open an account using a combination of other documents — like a birth certificate plus a Social Security card plus proof of address. Others will ask you to come in person and may call you on the phone to verify information. A few banks will let you open an account online and then verify your identity through a video call with a bank employee. Call ahead and ask what the bank can do; don't assume you're stuck.

Social Security number or ITIN

Banks need a nine-digit tax ID number. For most people, that's your Social Security number. If you don't have one yet, you can get one from the Social Security Administration — the process takes a few weeks. If you're not may be able to access for a Social Security number but you work or file taxes, you can get an ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) from the IRS.

If you're in the country without legal status and don't have either number, some banks will still open an account using an ITIN, a passport number, or other identification. This varies by bank and by state. Call the bank directly and ask whether they work with ITINs or alternative IDs. Don't walk in assuming you'll be turned away — some banks have specific programs for this situation.

Documents for joint accounts or accounts for dependents

If you're opening an account with someone else, both people usually need to show up with their own ID, proof of address, and Social Security number or ITIN. The bank will verify both of you separately.

If you're opening an account for a child or someone you have legal authority over, you'll need your own documents plus proof of your relationship. For a minor child, bring a birth certificate or adoption papers. For a dependent adult, bring guardianship papers or power of attorney documents. Some banks let you open a custodial account (an account you control on behalf of a child) with just your documents and the child's Social Security number, but the rules vary — ask the bank what they need.

What to bring to the bank in person

Bring the original documents, not copies. Banks need to see the actual ID and address proof to verify they're real. Bring your Social Security number or ITIN written down if you don't have it memorized. If you're opening a joint account, both people need to be there at the same time with their own documents.

Bring a small amount of money to deposit if you can — most banks require an opening deposit, though the amount varies. Some banks ask for $25, others for $100 or more. A few have no minimum. Ask when you call or visit. If you're opening the account online, you'll usually transfer money from another account or arrange a deposit after you've opened it.

Opening an account online versus in person

Online banks usually ask for the same documents but handle them differently. You'll upload photos of your ID and proof of address through their website or app. You'll type in your Social Security number or ITIN. Some online banks then verify your identity automatically using databases. Others call you or send you a verification code by mail.

In-person banks let you hand documents to a teller, who checks them on the spot. This is faster if you have everything with you. Online banks are slower at verification but you don't have to travel. Both are equally safe — the bank's job is the same either way.

Frequently Asked Questions

What if I don't have a Social Security number yet?

You can get one from the Social Security Administration — explore in person at your local office or online at ssa.gov. The process takes two to four weeks. Until then, some banks will let you open an account and add your number later, though this is rare. Call banks in your area and ask if they can hold an account open while you wait for your number.

Can I open an account with just a passport?

A passport counts as photo ID at most banks. You'll still need proof of address and a Social Security number or ITIN. If your passport doesn't show a U.S. address, bring a utility bill, lease, or other document with your current address on it.

What if my address proof is older than 60 days?

Ask the bank — many will accept it anyway, especially if you're opening an account in person and can explain why. If you truly have nothing recent, bring multiple older documents (like an old utility bill plus an insurance statement) to show you've lived there. Some banks will also accept a letter from a landlord or employer confirming your address.

Do I need to bring original documents or can I send copies?

For in-person accounts, bring originals. For online accounts, you'll upload photos or scans through the bank's app or website — the bank doesn't need you to mail anything. Never mail original documents to a bank unless they specifically ask and provide a find mailing address.

What if I'm opening an account for my elderly parent and they can't come in?

Some banks let you open an account for someone else if you have power of attorney or guardianship papers. Others require the account holder to be present. A few will do a video call with the other person to verify their identity. Call the bank and explain your situation — they may have a process for this that isn't obvious.